Using the lens of trauma informed care to inform pediatric obesity management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Summarize the evolution of the trauma-informed care (TIC) approach in pediatrics, highlight the importance of using this lens in pediatric obesity management and treating the whole patient and family, and suggest recommendations for providers to incorporate TIC into their practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Implementing TIC in pediatric obesity management is recommended and offers an approach to address trauma-related symptoms associated with obesity. The TIC framework creates a safe, nurturing space to have open conversations with patients and families to promote resilience and reduce stigma related to obesity without re-traumatization. Screening tools may expose symptoms related to trauma, but are limited. Provider training is available and development of TIC related skills may be improved through using the arts and humanities. Success of TIC requires a tailored, integrated healthcare system approach with commitment from all levels. SUMMARY: The TIC approach offers providers skills to uncover trauma-related symptoms and address obesity-related health disparities while reducing stigma. Collaboration across all levels of the healthcare system and community partners is essential. Further research is warranted on the effectives of this approach in pediatric obesity prevention and management.

Comparison of nutrition care services for adult obesity at primary care in two different periods in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Dietitians are healthcare professionals with potential roles and impacts in primary care (PC) settings when applying knowledge and expertise to educate healthcare clients at all levels and treat chronic diseases. This study seeks to compare and evaluate the nutrition care services and practices in obesity management in primary care centres for two periods (2016 and 2019) in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Surveys with service self-reporting evaluation used responses from 18 and 27 centres in 2016 and 2019. Services evaluation used no reference to a standard, but 18 of the surveyed PC centres in 2019 were previously visited in 2016 to assess the provided nutrition care services for adult obesity in PC centres. The re-visit survey investigated improvements in services achieved in 2019 concerning services for adults with obesity. A chi-square test was used to compare the surveys' results in the two periods, which resulted in a significant difference in the provided nutrition care services for adult obesity between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS: Dietitians' employment has significantly changed (P < .0001) in 2019 compared to 2016. Dietitians were significantly noticed as the primary source of nutrition information after their integration into the services (P < .0001) in 2019. Services provided for adult obesity increased significantly (P value < .0001) in the second phase. However, there was no significant difference in serving adult groups between the two periods (P = .056). CONCLUSIONS: Integrating dietitians into the PC services significantly enhanced their role in supporting PC services for conditions relating to adult obesity, which allowed them to be the most important source of the delivered nutrition information to patients. The employment rate of PC dietitians accredited by the governing body is significantly increasing; the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties will need to monitor it to ensure that dietitians have the qualifications and skills to provide professional medical nutrition therapy to patients. Further research to evaluate the quality of PC dietetic practice and improvements in patient outcomes is required to strengthen the importance of integrating registered dietitians into the services.

Obesidad en adultos: guía de práctica clínica adaptada para Chile / Obesity in adults: clinical practice guideline adapted for Chile

La Sociedad Chilena de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, junto a otras sociedades científicas, lideró el proceso de adaptación de la guía de práctica clínica de obesidad en adultos para Chile, tomando como base las directrices desarrolladas para Canadá. La guía canadiense buscó, entre sus principales objetivos, proponer cambios en el enfoque del manejo de la obesidad como una enfermedad crónica y para mejorar los desenlaces de salud centrados en los pacientes, en lugar de enfocarse en la pérdida de peso como principal y único objetivo. Se convocó a un grupo de 58 profesionales para el desarrollo del proyecto, quienes revisaron y utilizaron el método para el análisis de las recomendaciones originales y desarrollo de recomendaciones . Para la elaboración de nuevas recomendaciones, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas en la base de datos Epistemonikos, y se utilizó metodología GRADE y el marco para la evaluación de la evidencia y la descripción de la recomendación. Se adoptaron 76 de las 80 recomendaciones de la guía canadiense, se adaptó una recomendación y se desarrollaron 12 preguntas nuevas con sus respectivas recomendaciones. El proceso de adaptación permitió acortar el tiempo necesario para elaborar una guía de práctica clínica en obesidad del adulto para nuestro país. El cambio en el enfoque hacia una aproximación sin estigma y centrada en la salud y no en el peso, es universal y posible de aplicar en diferentes países y contextos.

Medical nutrition therapy in obesity management

Healthy eating is important for all Canadians, regardless of body size, weight or health condition. Key messages from Canada's Food Guide for Healthy Eating can be used as a foundation for nutrition and food-related education (Figure 1). Use evidence-based nutrition resources to give your patients nutrition and behaviour change advice that aligns with their values, preferences and social determinants of health. (Figure 1) There is no one-size-fits-all eating pattern for obesity management. Adults living with obesity may consider various nutrition intervention options that are client-centred and flexible. Evidence suggests this approach will better facilitate long-term adherence. (Table 1, Figure 2) Nutrition interventions for obesity management should focus on achieving health outcomes for chronic disease risk reduction and quality of life improvements, not just weight changes. 5 Table 2 outlines health-related outcomes to support patients/clients in obesity management. Nutrition interventions for obesity management should emphasize individualized eating patterns, food quality and a healthy relationship with food. Including mindfulness-based eating practices that may help lower food cravings, reduce reward-driven eating, improve body satisfaction and improve awareness of hunger and satiety. 6­11 Caloric restriction can achieve short-term reductions in weight (i.e.< 12 months) but has not shown to be sustainable long-term (i.e. > 12 months). Caloric restriction may affect neurobiological pathways that control appetite, hunger, cravings and body weight regulation that may result in increased food intake and weight gain.64-66 People living with obesity are at increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies including but not limited to vitamin D, vitamin B12 and iron deficiencies. Restrictive eating patterns and obesity treatments (e.g. medications, bariatric surgery) may also result in micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Assessment including biochemical values can help inform recommendations for food intake, vitamin/mineral supplements, and possible drug-nutrient interactions. Collaborate care with a registered dietitian who has experience in obesity management and medical nutrition therapy. 12 Dietitians can support people living with obesity who also have other chronic diseases, malnutrition, food insecurity or disordered patterns of eating. Future research should use nutrition-related outcomes and health behaviours in addition to weight and body composition outcomes. Characterization of population sample collections should use the updated definition of obesity as a chronic, progressive and relapsing disease characterized by the presence of adiposity that impairs health and social well-being rather than BMI exclusively. Qualitative data is needed to understand the lived experience of people with obesity.

Clinical Genomic, phenotype and epigenetic insights into the pathology, autoimmunity and weight management of patients with Myasthenia Gravis (Review).

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junctions and is characterized by muscle weakness as a result of autoantibodies against certain proteins. As a heterogeneous disorder, MG presents with different types, including neonatal, ocular and generalized in both juveniles and adults. Different types of antibodies serve a role in how MG presents. The main biological characteristic of MG is the production of antibodies against the muscular acetylcholine receptor; however, other types of antibody have been associated with the disorder. The role of the thymus gland has been established and thymectomy is a possible treatment of the disease, along with traditional medication such as pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon) and immunosuppresants. In recent years, steps have been made towards developing more sensitive diagnostic methods. Additionally, novel treatments have demonstrated promising results. Developing new assays may lead to an increased understanding of the disease and to unravelling the genetic pathway that leads to the development of neuromuscular diseases.

Multiple Selection Criteria for Probiotic Strains with High Potential for Obesity Management.

Since alterations of the gut microbiota have been shown to play a major role in obesity, probiotics have attracted attention. Our aim was to identify probiotic candidates for the management of obesity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We evaluated in vitro the ability of 23 strains to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to enhance the secretion of satiety-promoting gut peptide in enteroendocrine cells. Following the in vitro screening, selected strains were further investigated in vivo, single, or as mixtures, using a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Strain Bifidobacterium longum PI10 administrated alone and the mixture of B. animalis subsp. lactis LA804 and Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 limited body weight gain and reduced obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. These protective effects were associated with changes in the hypothalamic gene expression of leptin and leptin receptor as well as with changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the profile of bile acids. This study provides crucial clues to identify new potential probiotics as effective therapeutic approaches in the management of obesity, while also providing some insights into their mechanisms of action.

Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity.

CONTEXT: Obesity is a chronic disease that is difficult to manage without holistic therapy. The therapeutic armamentarium for obesity primarily consists of 4 forms of therapy: lifestyle modification (ie, diet and exercise), cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Evidence was consolidated from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: After 2 years, lifestyle interventions can facilitate weight loss that equates to ~5%. Even though lifestyle interventions are plagued by weight regain, they can have substantial effects on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Although 10-year percentage excess weight loss can surpass 50% after bariatric surgery, weight regain is likely. To mitigate weight regain, instituting a multifactorial maintenance program is imperative. Such a program can integrate diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, behavioral therapy can complement a maintenance program well. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is best managed by a multidisciplinary clinical team that integrates diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Bariatric surgery is needed to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity in select patients.

Sharing the 'weight' of obesity management in primary care: integration of registered dietitian nutritionists to provide intensive behavioural therapy for obesity for Medicare patients.

BACKGROUND: Clinical provision of intensive behavioral therapy for obesity (IBTO) has been a reimbursable treatment for obesity since 2012. However, gaps remain in the literature regarding its impact on patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to examine the integration of registered dietitian nutritionist provided IBTO into a primary care setting and evaluate clinic outcomes for Medicare Part B beneficiaries. A secondary objective was to examine intensity of IBTO (quantity of IBTO visits) versus clinical outcomes and influence of socioeconomic factors. METHODS: A case-control retrospective chart review was conducted at a rural, Academic Family Medicine Clinic in Eastern North Carolina for patients seen between 1 January 2016 and 1 January 2019. In order to be included in the treatment group, patients had to be female, white or black race, have Medicare insurance and a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: Mixed model analysis showed statistically significant improvements in clinical outcomes from IBTO treatment. Weight decreased by nearly 3 pounds, while body mass index was half a point lower. A1C was 0.1 units lower for IBTO patients, and they took prescription medication and average of 6 days less than the control group. Minorities and older respondents experienced smaller, all else constant, and annual fixed effects suggest that differentials widen over time. CONCLUSIONS: Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) provision of IBTO has demonstrated benefit in improving clinical outcomes including weight, A1C, and reduced medication duration (use) as demonstrated by the IBTO treatment group versus control. IBTO intensity was not predictive of success, and its impact was reduced with older and African American patients. IBTO is beneficial and can be delivered within the primary care setting by a RDN.

Developing Integrated Clinical Pathways for the Management of Clinically Severe Adult Obesity: a Critique of NHS England Policy.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Pathways for obesity prevention and treatment are well documented, yet the prevalence of obesity is rising, and access to treatment (including bariatric surgery) is limited. This review seeks to assess the current integrated clinical pathway for obesity management in England and determine the major challenges. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence for tier 2 (community-based lifestyle intervention) and tier 3 (specialist weight management services) is limited, and how it facilitates care and improve outcomes in tier 4 remains uncertain. Treatment access, rigidity in pathways, uncertain treatment outcomes and weight stigma seems to be major barriers to improved care. More emphasis must be placed on access to effective treatments, treatment flexibility, addressing stigma and ensuring treatment efficacy including long-term health outcomes. Prevention and treatment should both receive significant focus though should be considered to be largely separate pathways. A simplified system for weight management is needed to allow flexibility and the delivery of personalized care including post-bariatric surgery care for those who need it.

Práticas Corporais da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa no tratamento de obesidade em adultos e idosos: qual é a eficácia e a segurança das práticas corporais da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC) para o tratamento de obesidade em adultos e/ou idosos? / Body Practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of obesity in adults and the elderly: what is the effectiveness and safety of body practices in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of obesity in adults and/or the elderly?

As práticas corporais da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC) envolvem movimento ou manipulação corporal, atitude mental e respiração com intuito de equilibrar o Qi ou energia vital. As práticas da MTC são recomendadas para promoção, manutenção e recuperação da saúde, bem como prevenção de agravos e doenças. As práticas corporais da MTC, no Brasil, incluem acupuntura,lian gong, chi gong (qigong,chi kung); tui-naetai chi chuan. Estas práticas foram incorporadas no SUS mediante Portaria no 971, de 03 de maio de 2006. Qual é a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança das práticas corporais da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC), exceto acupuntura, no tratamento da obesidade em adultos e/ou idosos? As buscas foram realizadas inicialmente por revisões sistemáticas, mas nenhuma atendeu aos critérios de elegibilidade. Novas buscas foram realizadas em seis bases de dados sem restrição de ano de publicação, para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados(ECR). Desta forma, foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados em inglês, português e espanhol que avaliaram os efeitos das práticas MTC no tratamento de obesidade na população adulta e idosa. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio da ferramenta de risco de viés da Cochrane, feita por uma pesquisadora e revisada por outra. Nesta revisão rápida, produzida em três dias, foram utilizados atalhos metodológicos, de maneira que apenas o processo de seleção foi realizado em duplicidade e de forma independente. A acupuntura, embora faça parte das práticas da MTC, não foi incluída porque está sendo analisada separadamente em outras revisões realizadas por esta mesma equipe. De 1.435 publicações recuperadas nas bases de dados, foram incluídos três ensaios clínicos randomizados que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A avaliação metodológica dos ECR demonstrou risco de viés, de forma que os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela. Os estudos mostraram não haver diferença nos resultados entre Taichi e a maioria dos comparadores, com relação aos desfechos IMC, circunferência da cintura, peso corporal, massa corporal, gordura corporal e sensação de fome. O único estudo sobre Qigong não apresentou resultados favoráveis quanto a sua eficácia na redução do peso corporal. Um estudo relatou não ter identificado eventos adversos com a prática de Taichi. Embora existam alguns resultados favoráveis a prática de Taichi, é pequena a evidência de eficácia e segurança da prática no tratamento da obesidade em adultos e idosos. Devido à escassez de evidências não é possível afirmar os reais benefícios do uso dessas tecnologias para o tratamento da obesidade.

Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline

Obesity is a complex chronic disease in which abnormal or excess body fat (adiposity) impairs health, increases the risk of long-term medical complications and reduces lifespan.1 Epidemiologic studies define obesity using the body mass index (BMI; weight/height2), which can stratify obesity-related health risks at the population level. Obesity is operationally defined as a BMI exceeding 30 kg/m2 and is subclassified into class 1 (30­34.9), class 2 (35­39.9) and class 3 (≥ 40). At the population level, health complications from excess body fat increase as BMI increases.2 At the individual level, complications occur because of excess adiposity, location and distribution of adiposity and many other factors, including environmental, genetic, biologic and socioeconomic factors.

Weight management over the reproductive years for adult women with obesity

This chapter addresses the management of weight related to three phases of a woman's reproductive years ­ precon­ception, during pregnancy and postpartum ­ for adult wom­en with obesity. Although these reproductive periods are addressed separately, it is important to consider that these phases represent the continuum of weight management over the reproductive years in women with obesity. During these time periods, women frequently access the healthcare system, thus providing clinicians with health promotion opportunities which may have positive impacts on the short- and long-term health of both the woman and her children. Discussion of the obstetric and anesthetic management for women with obesity during pregnancy is beyond the scope of this clinical practice guideline.

The functional nutritional and regulatory activities of calcium supplementation from eggshell for obesity disorders management.

The present study was to investigate the effective role of renewable sources of Ca+2 from eggshell (ES) with different doses to restrict obesity disorders. Rats were classified as follows, G1 : normal diet for 26 weeks; G2 : high-fat diet (HFD) for 26 weeks; G3 , G4 , and G5 were supplemented with HFD for 16 weeks and treated with 7.2 g Ca+2 ES/Kg rat chow, 18 g Ca+2 ES/Kg rat chow, and 2% diet containing fat (DCF), respectively, for the remaining 10 weeks. Results revealed a significant effect of the low dose of Ca+2 supplement in form of ES than high dose and 2% DCF; on basis of anthropometric parameters, lipid, leptin, adiponectin, thyroid hormones, Ca+2 , 25-hydroxyl vitamin-D, and oxidative and inflammatory parameters were regulated. Results were confirmed with the histopathological study. Therefore, it was concluded that Ca+2 supplementation can be used as a beneficial source for obesity management with anticholesterol actions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity represented public health hazards. The eggshell is one of the waste products that contain a high percentage of Ca+2 . The current data exposed using a low dose of ES as a new source of Ca+2 supplement for treatment of HFD rats leads to significant enhancement of lipid profiles, liver enzymes, kidney functions, leptin, adiponectin, Ca+2 , 25(OH)-D, TSH, fT4, and PTH levels. Also, there was a reduction in weight gain, Bwt, BMI, BG, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Moreover, the oxidant-pro-oxidant system was improved in both hepatic and adipose tissues where NO and TBARS concentrations were diminished, and SOD specific activity was elevated. Additionally, TNF-α and ADAM17 expression were downregulated. Hence, it was concluded that there was good evidence that diets supplemented with ES were associated with the reduction of obesity complications especially regulating fat processing and storage in the body.

Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Postbiotics, and Obesity: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Perspectives.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we summarize current evidence on gut microbiome and obesity; we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in obesity prevention and management; and we highlight and analyze main limitations, challenges, and controversies of their use. RECENT FINDINGS: Overall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies examining the use of probiotics and synbiotics in obesity has shown their beneficial effects on weight reduction and other metabolic parameters via their involvement in gut microbiota modulation. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains are still the most widely used probiotics in functional foods and dietary supplements, but next generation probiotics, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Clostridia strains, have demonstrated promising results. On the contrary, meta-analyses of human studies on the use of prebiotics in obesity have yielded contradictory results. In animal studies, postbiotics, mainly short-chain fatty acids, may increase energy expenditure through induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as well as browning of the white adipose tissue. The main limitations of studies on biotics in obesity include the paucity of human studies; heterogeneity among the studied subgroups regarding age, gender, and lifestyle; and use of different agents with potential therapeutic effects in different formulations, doses, ratio and different pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics. In terms of safety, the supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has not been associated with serious adverse effects among immune-competent individuals, with the exception of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in immunocompromised patients. Further large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in humans are required to evaluate the beneficial properties of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics; their ideal dose; the duration of supplementation; and the durability of their beneficial effects as well as their safety profile in the prevention and management of obesity.

Acupuntura e auriculoterapia no tratamento da obesidade e sobrepeso em adultos e idosos Acupuntura, auriculoterapia e acupressão no tratamento de obesidade e sobrepeso em adultos e idosos: qual é a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança da acupuntura, auriculoterapia e acupressão para o tratamento de obesidade e sobrepeso em adultos e/ou idosos? / Acupuncture and auriculotherapy in the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and the elderly Acupuncture, auriculotherapy and acupressure in the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and the elderly: what is the efficacy / effectiveness and safety of acupuncture, auriculotherapy and acupressure for the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and/or the elderly?

A acupuntura se caracteriza pela estimulação de pontos cutâneos específicos por meio do uso de agulhas. A auriculoterapia consiste na estimulação mecânica de pontos específicos do pavilhão auricular com esferas de aço, ouro, prata, plástico, agulhas ou sementes de mostarda. A acupuntura é recomendada para promoção, manutenção e recuperação da saúde, bem como prevenção de agravos e doenças. Além disso, parece propiciar a liberação de neurotransmissores e outras substâncias responsáveis pela promoção da analgesia. A auriculoterapia promove a regulação psíquico-orgânica do indivíduo. Ambas as práticas foram incorporadas no SUS mediante Portaria nº 971, de 03 de maio de 2006. Qual a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança da acupuntura e da auriculoterapia para o tratamento da obesidade em adultos e/ou idosos? As buscas foram realizadas em sete bases de dados, sem restrição de ano de publicação. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas em inglês, português e espanhol que avaliaram os efeitos de ambas as tecnologias no tratamento da obesidade na população adulta e idosa. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio do AMSTAR 2. Nesta revisão rápida, produzida em nove dias, foram utilizados atalhos metodológicos, de maneira que apenas o processo de seleção dos artigos foi realizado em duplicidade e de forma independente. Dos 179 relatos identificados nas bases, foram incluídas 12 revisões sistemáticas, sendo apenas uma sem metanálise. A avaliação da qualidade indica que quatro revisões foram de baixa confiança e oito revisões de confiança criticamente baixa. Os relatos destas revisões apresentaram resultados positivos dessas tecnologias na redução de gordura corporal, de circunferências de cintura e de quadril, e da diminuição da relação cintura-quadril, melhora da obesidade, remissão da obesidade e redução da gravidade da obesidade. Contudo, os resultados são conflitantes quanto aos efeitos de acupuntura e auriculoterapia, combinadas ou não com outras intervenções, no controle de peso corporal e redução de IMC (Índice de Massa Corporal). Foram informados eventos adversos leves com as terapias de acupuntura. O foco desta revisão rápida foi a obesidade, no entanto algumas revisões apresentaram metanálises agrupando resultados para obesidade e sobrepeso. A acupuntura, a auriculoterapia e a acupressão foram consideradas benéficas no tratamento da obesidade e sobrepeso, principalmente em reduzir gordura corporal e circunferências de cintura e quadril. Porém os achados devem ser vistos com cautela, em razão da confiança nos resultados das revisões sistemáticas terem sido avaliadas como baixas ou criticamente baixas.

Meditação e mindfulness no tratamento de obesidade e sobrepeso em adultos e idosos: qual a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança da meditação e do mindfulness no tratamento da obesidade e sobre peso em adultos e/ou idosos? / Meditation and mindfulness in the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and the elderly: what is the efficacy / effectiveness and safety of meditation and mindfulness in the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and/or the elderly?

A meditação é uma prática que consiste no foco da atenção para o momento presente, de modo não analítico ou discriminativo, podendo ser dividida em dois tipos: meditação concentrativa e mindfulness. A meditação e o mindfulness trazem benefícios para o fortalecimento físico, emocional, mental, social e cognitivo. Dessa forma, são indicados para estímulo do bem-estar, relaxamento, redução do estresse, da hiperatividade e dos sintomas depressivos. Qual a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança de meditação/mindfulness para o tratamento da obesidade em população adulta? As buscas foram realizadas em seis bases de dados sem restrição de ano de publicação. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas em inglês, português e espanhol que avaliaram os efeitos de meditação/mindfulness no tratamento da obesidade na população adulta e idosa. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio do AMSTAR 2, por uma profissional e revisada por outra. Nesta revisão rápida, produzida em três dias, foram utilizados atalhos metodológicos, de maneira que apenas o processo de seleção foi realizado em duplicidade e de forma independente. Dos 60 relatos encontrados nas bases, foram incluídas três revisões sistemáticas que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo uma com metanálise. A avaliação da qualidade indica que uma revisão é de baixa qualidade metodológica e duas de qualidade criticamente baixa. Todas as revisões apresentaram resultados sobre o uso de mindfulness no tratamento de obesidade, mas houve poucos resultados sobre meditação. O uso do mindfulness associado ou não a outras terapias teve efeitos favoráveis para perda de peso, redução do IMC, melhora do comportamento alimentar e fome emocional. A meditação mostrou ser benéfica para a redução de peso corporal. Não foram relatados eventos adversos. O mindfulness foi a tecnologia avaliada em todas as revisões selecionadas e mostrou resultados favoráveis em todos os desfechos apresentados. Não houve relatos de eventos adversos. No entanto, a confiança nos resultados da maioria das revisões foi considerada baixa ou criticamente baixa na avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Assim sendo, deve-se ter cautela ao interpretar os resultados.

Yoga no tratamento de obesidade e sobrepeso em adultos e idosos: qual é a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança do yoga para o tratamento de obesidade em adultos e/ou idosos? / Yoga in the treatment of obesity and overweight in adults and the elderly: what is the efficacy effectiveness and safety of yoga for the treatment of obesity in adults and / or the elderly?

O yoga caracteriza-se como uma prática integrativa de origem oriental que combina posições corporais, técnicas de respiração, meditação e relaxamento. É indicada no tratamento de sistemas musculoesquelético, endócrino, respiratório, além de outros agravos à saúde, e estimula as funções cognitivas. Qual é a eficácia/efetividade e a segurança do yoga para tratamento da obesidade em adultos e/ou idosos? As buscas foram realizadas em sete bases de dados sem restrição de ano de publicação. Foram incluídas revisões sistemáticas em inglês, português e espanhol que avaliaram o efeito da tecnologia no tratamento da obesidade na população adulta e idosa. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio do AMSTAR 2, feita por uma pesquisadora e revisada por outra. Nesta revisão rápida, produzida em três dias, foram utilizados atalhos metodológicos, de maneira que apenas o processo de seleção foi realizado em duplicidade e de forma independente. Dos 56 relatos encontrados nas bases, foi incluída apenas uma revisão sistemática com metanálise que atendeu aos critérios de elegibilidade. A avaliação da qualidade indicou que a revisão é de qualidade metodológica moderada. A revisão apresentou resultados sobre o uso de yoga no controle peso, gordura corporal, e redução de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e circunferência de cintura em pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Houve falta de informação sobre a segurança da prática de yoga. O yoga mostrou efeito somente na redução do IMC. Os resultados encontrados foram favoráveis à prática de yoga para redução do IMC. Cabe ressaltar que os resultados foram baseados em uma única revisão sistemática que foi avaliada como de qualidade metodológica moderada. Não houve relatos sobre eventos adversos, o que não permite tecer considerações sobre a segurança do uso dessa tecnologia em pacientes obesos e com sobrepeso.

Complementary and alternative medicine use for weight management among females in Jordan: a community-based survey

Background: The relationship between obesity and various chronic diseases is well documented. In Jordan, the preva-lence of overweight (30.0%) and obesity (38.8%) among females is on the rise, encouraging many adults to rely on alterna-tive health care methods to manage their weight.Aims: We explored the status of complementary and alternative medicine use for weight management among adult fe-males in Jordan and the possible relationship between complementary and alternative medicine use and body mass index.Methods: An interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the use and safety of com-plementary and alternative medicine for weight management from 858 women in 2015. Responses were coded and ana-lysed using SPSS, version 20.Results: Around 40% of the respondents reported using some form of complementary and alternative medicine for weight management. Commercial dietary supplements (31.2%), herbal remedies (26.7%) and folk remedies (18.0%) were commonly used. Green tea and fibre tablets were the most widely used herbal supplements. Logistic regression analysis indicated that overweight participants are more frequent complementary and alternative medicine users compared to obese. Rel-atives and friends were the main sources of information about complementary and alternative medicine. Only 31.9% of women believed that complementary and alternative medicine modalities were safe; around half believed they were not safe during pregnancy (52.5%) and lactation (48.0%). Only 49.7% were aware of side-effects and 41.5% of drug interactions. Conclusion: This study revealed that complementary and alternative medicine is often used for weight management. Awareness of the safe use of complementary and alternative medicine with other medications and during pregnancy and lactation should be addressed.

Contexte : Le lien entre obésité et plusieurs maladies chroniques est clairement attesté. En Jordanie, la prévalence du surpoids (30,0 %) et de l’obésité (38,8 %) chez les femmes est en augmentation, incitant ainsi de nombreux adultes à se tourner vers les méthodes de soins alternatives en vue de gérer leur poids.Objectifs : La présente étude visait à examiner le statut du recours aux médecines complémentaires et alternatives (MCA) dans le cadre de la gestion du poids chez les femmes adultes en Jordanie et le lien possible entre cette pratique et l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC).Méthodes : Un questionnaire structuré, administré par un enquêteur, a été utilisé en 2015 auprès de 858 femmes pour recueillir des données sur l’utilisation et la sécurité des MCA en vue de la gestion du poids. Les données ont été codées et analysées à l’aide du logiciel SPSS, version 20.Résultats : Près de 40 % des femmes interrogées indiquaient avoir recours à certaines formes de MCA en vue de gérer leur poids. Les suppléments alimentaires commercialisés (31,2 %), les remèdes à base de plantes (26,7 %) et les remèdes populaires (18,0 %) étaient couramment utilisés. Le thé vert et les comprimés de fibres étaient les compléments à base de plantes les plus largement utilisés. L’analyse de régression logistique indiquait que les participantes en surpoids recouraient plus fréquemment aux MCA que celles qui étaient obèses. En ce qui concerne les MCA, les proches et les amis constituaient les principales sources d’information. Seuls 31,9 % des femmes estimaient que les modalités du recours aux MCA étaient sûres ; près de la moitié pensaient que ces types de médecines n’étaient pas recommandées pendant la grossesse (52,5 %) et l’allaitement (48,0 %). Seulement 49,7 % avaient connaissance des effets secondaires et 41,5 % des interactions médicamenteuses. Conclusion : Cette étude a révélé que les MCA sont souvent utilisées dans la cadre de la gestion du poids. Il convient d’augmenter la sensibilisation à l’égard de cette pratique en association avec d’autres médicaments et pendant la grossesse et l’allaitement.